ESA Workshop on Space Weather
11-13 November 1998
ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Organised by the
ESA Space Environments and Effects Analysis Section (ESA TOS-EMA)
Please check this website regularly as small changes in the programme may occur.
Introduction 
As space missions are becoming more technically sophisticated, they
are increasing in sensitivity to the space environment. Modelling of
the dynamics of the space environment with the use of data, known as
"Space Weather", is a rapidly growing field world-wide. At the moment
European Space Weather activities are fragmented in different groups
and European-wide initiatives are in an embryonic state. Progress in
space environment analysis is expected from extensive collaborative
efforts with near real-time data from spacecraft, ground-based and
theoretical simulations with the aim of establishing predictive systems
relating the cause (solar activity) to the effect on technological
systems and human activity. At the same time it has become evident for
the scientific community that it also needs input from potential users
of future Space Weather services. As a support unit, ESA's Space Environments and Effects
Analysis Section is particularly concerned with how the Space Weather
concept can lead to products which enhance the performance and
reliability of space systems.
Workshop Goals, Topics and Organisation
Thus there are two goals of this Space Weather workshop. The first
one is to investigate at what stage the different European groups are
at and how best to co-ordinate efforts to provide the best services for
potential users. The other goal is to put together a global picture
concerning all scientific, technological, economical and environmental
issues concerning Space Weather with the emphasis placed on defining
potential user requirements of European Space Weather services. The workshop will be held in plenary sessions based on invited
talks and contributed posters covering a wide range of topics relevant
to Space Weather:
- Present and future User Requirements (scientific,technical,commercial, business/insurance,..).
- Data availability (space-borne and ground-based).
- Definition of an ALERT situation (short-term, long-term ..).
- Modelling of the space environment.
- Development of new procedures to protect against hazards in space.
- Co-ordination of different organisations to optimise results.
- What is the future for Space Weather research?
The first two days of this workshop will be held in plenary sessions
based on invited review talks and contributed posters. At the end of
the second day working groups will be formed and the final day will be
dedicated to these working groups (discussion in the morning and a
summary of the results presented in the afternoon).
The invited review talks, summaries of the working groups and posters will be published in the
proceedings. The proceedings will be published within 2 months of the workshop.
Information to Authors
Authors are reminded to send in their paper before the workshop to
the conference secretariat or hand it over to the registration desk
during the workshop. Authors of review talks are expected to submit a
paper of maximum 8 pages A4. Poster authors are allowed a maximum of 4
pages A4.
For more information concerning your submitted abstract, please see the
Proceedings.
Scientific Advisory Committee
| M. Candidi | CNR-Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Italy |
| N. Crosby | ESA-ESTEC |
| E. Daly | ESA-ESTEC |
| R. Harboe Sřrensen | ESA-ESTEC |
| D. Heynderickx | Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aëronomie, Belgium |
| A. Hilgers | ESA-ESTEC |
| B. Hultqvist | International Space Science Institute, Switzerland |
| A. Johnstone | Mullard Space Science Laboratory, U.K. |
| H. Koskinen | University of Helsinki, Finland |
| P. Lantos | Observatoire de Meudon, France |
| R. Lundin | Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Sweden |
| T. Moretto | Danish Space Research Institute, Denmark |
| U. Mortensen | ESA-ESTEC |
| J.-Y. Prado | CNES, France |
| D.J. Rodgers | DERA- Space Dept., U.K. |
| T. Sanderson | ESA-ESTEC |
| R. Schwenn | Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, Germany |
Local Organising Committee
Space Environments and Effects Analysis Section WWW site:
http://www.estec.esa.nl/wmwww/WMA/
Workshop Secretariat
ESTEC Conference Bureau
P.O.Box 299
2200 AG, Noordwijk, NL
Tel.: +31 71 5655005
Fax: +31 71 5655658 confburo@estec.esa.nl
Final Programme 
Wednesday 11 November 1998
| 08:00 | Registration in Conference Centre ESTEC |
Opening Session
| 09:00 | Welcome and Opening Address Specific interest of TOS-EMA to Space Weather (past problems with ESA spacecraft) Eamonn Daly, ESA |
Effects and Users
| 09:30 | Effects on Spacecraft & Aircraft Electronics Clive Dyer (DERA- Space Dept. U.K.) |
| 10:00 | Orbit and Attitude Perturbations due to Aerodynamics and Radiation Pressure Hans-Heinrich Klinkrad (ESA/ESOC) |
| 10:30 | Coffee break in poster room |
| 11:00 | Electromagnetic Propagation (Alt, TEC) Nicolas Picot (CNES, France) |
| 11:30 | Power and Pipelines (Ground Systems) Risto Pirjola (FMI, Finland) |
| 12:00 | Biological (Space- and Air-borne) Güther Reitz (DLR/FF-ME, Abteilung Strahlenbiologie, Germany) |
| 12:30 | Cost and Insurance Aspects José Da Costa (CECAR & JUTHEAU, France) |
| 13:00 | Lunch |
| 14:00 | Presentation of posters relevant to "Effects and Users" |
Physical Processes/Presentation of Data
| 14:30 | Solar Activity: Flares, CMEs, SEPs, CIRs, Solar Wind Nicole Vilmer (DASOP/Meudon Observatory, France) |
| 15:00 | Magnetospheric Electrodynamics: Energetic Particle Signatures of Geomagnetic Storms and Substorms Tuija Pulkkinen (FMI, Finland) |
| 15:30 | Coffee break in poster room |
| 16:00 | Radiation Belts Paul Buehler (PSI, Switzerland) |
| 16:30 | Cosmic Rays, Solar Protons in the Near-Earth Environment and their Entry into the Magnetosphere Stephen Gabriel (University of Southampton, U.K.) |
| 17:00 | Presentation of posters relevant to "Physical Processes/Presentation of data" |
Models and Data
| 17:30 | Data Processing, Databases and Tools available: Present and Future Daniel Heynderickx (BIRA/IASB, Belgium) |
| 18:00 | Cocktail in Noordwijk Space EXPO |
Thursday 12 November 1998
Models and Data (cont.)
| 09:00 | Solar Corona and Solar Wind Structure and SPE Volker Bothmer, Extraterrestrische Physik, IEAP, Germany |
| 09:30 | Magnetosphere MHD Models and Kinetic Models including Substorms and Radiation Belts (UCLA model, Salammbo, FMI model) Sebastien Bourdarie (ONERA-CERT, France) |
| 10:00 | Ionospheric Models including the Auroral Environment Ljiljana R Cander (CLRC RAL, U.K.) |
| 10:30 | Coffee break in poster room |
| 11:00 | Analogue Models, Filters and Neural Networks in Solar-Terrestrial Physics Henrik Lundstedt (Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Lund, Sweden) |
| 11:30 | Experimental Models of Effects Simulation Manola Romero (ONERA-CERT, France) |
| 12:00 | Presentation of posters relevant to "Models and Data" |
Various World Wide Space Weather Initiatives
| 12:30 | ESA Report on Space Weather: Looking for the Role of ESA on the International Space Weather Scene Hannu Koskinen (FMI, Finland) |
| 12:45 | Czech Republic Space Weather Initiatives Marian Karlicky (Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic) |
| 13:00 | Lunch |
| 14:00 | Danish Space Weather Initiatives Eigil Friis-Christensen (DSRI, Denmark) |
| 14:15 | Finnish Space Weather Initiatives Tuija Pulkkinen (FMI, Finland) |
| 14:30 | French Space Weather Initiatives Jacques Breton (CNES, France) |
| 14:45 | German Space Weather Initiatives Wolfgang Baumjohann (Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Germany) |
| 15:00 | Italian Space Weather Initiatives Maurizio Candidi (CNR-IFSI, Italy) |
| 15:15 | Norwegian Space Weather Initiatives Pal Brekke (Inst. of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway) |
| 15:30 | Coffee break in poster room |
| 16:00 | Russian Space Weather Initiatives |
| 16:15 | Swedish Space Weather Initiatives Henrik Lundstedt (Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Lund, Sweden) |
| 16:30 | U.K. Space Weather Initiatives Andrew Coates (MSSL, U.K.) |
| 16:45 | AGONET and Space Weather Maurizio Candidi (CNR-IFSI, Italy) |
| 17:00 | Radiation Protection for International Space Station Astronauts: Managing Exposures from Space Weather Events Michael Golightly (NASA/JSC, U.S.A.) |
| 17:20 | NOAA/SEC Report on Space Weather Ernest Hildner (NOAA/SEC, USA) |
| 17:40 | The International Space Environment Service (ISES) Richard Thompson (IPS Radio and Space Services, Australia) |
| 18:00 | Presentation of posters relevant to "Various World Wide Space Weather Initiatives" |
| 18:30 | Working Groups Introduction |
Friday 13 November 1998
| 9:00 | Working Groups Discussion |
| 10:30 | Coffee break in poster room |
| 11:00 | Working Groups Discussion cont. |
| 13:00 | Lunch |
| 14:00 | Working Groups Presentations |
| 15:30 | Round Table and Open Discussion |
| 16:00 | Conclusion and Announcement of Future Events |
Posters Session 1: Effects and Users
-
Space Weather Effects Detected by GPS Based TEC Monitoring
Jakowski, N.; Hocke, K.; Schlueter, S.; Heise, S.; DLR Neustrelitz, Germany
- SPENVIS: The SPace ENVironment Information System
Heynderickx, D.*; Quaghebeur, B.*; Fontaine, B.*; Glover, A.****; Carey, W.C.***; Daly, E.J.**;
* BIRA/IASB, Belgium;** ESA ESTEC, The Netherlands;*** Logica SA/NV,
Belgium;**** Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Great Britain
- Monitoring Thermospheric Density Variations with the CHAMP Satellite
Luehr, H.*; Reigber, C.*; Foerster, M.*; Koenig, R.*; Namgaladze, A.**; Yurik, R.Y.**;
* GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Germany;** Murmansk State University and Polar Geophys. Inst., Russia
- Primarily Flight Data Analysis of Spacecraft Charging from DIERA Patrol System at "Express-11" and "Gals-12"Russian Satellites
Guselnikov, V.*; Prokopiev, U.*; Grafodatsky, O.S.**;
* Novosibirsk State University, Russia;** NPO-PM, Russia;
- Prediction of Internal Dielectric Charging Using The DICTAT Code
Rodgers, D.J.*; Ryden, K.A.*; Wrenn, G.L.*; Latham, P.M.*; Sorensen, J.***; Levy, L.**;
* Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA), Great Britain;** ONERA - DESP, France;
*** ESA ESTEC, The Netherlands;**** T.S. Space Systems, Great Britain
- Backscatter Occurrence Statistics from the CUTLASS Radars as an
Indicator of Space Weather Impact on High Latitude HF Radio Propagation
Milan, S.E.; Lester, M.; Yeoman, T.K.; Thomas, E.C.; University of Leicester, Great Britain
- A Comparison Between the Ariel 4 Ambient Electron Densities and Ionospheric Critical Frequencies Over the Cost 251: Iits Area
Tulunay, Y.*; Rothkaehl, H.**; Juchhykowsky, G.**; Stanislawska, I.**;
* YTU Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Turkey;
** Space Research Center PAS, Poland
- Plasmapheric Effects on the Gps System: Modelling and Observation in UK
Lunt, N.*; Kersley, L.*; Bailey, G.J.**; Bishop, G.J.***;
* University of Wales, Great Britain;
** University of Sheffield, Great Britain;*** Air Force Research Laboratory VSBP, United States of America
- HF Radio Propagation at High Latitudes Under Quiet and Disturbed Geomagnetic Conditions
Jacobsen, B.*; Jodalen, V.*; Cannon, P.**;
* Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Norway;** DERA, Great Britain;
- Deep Dielectric Charging Specification
Fennell, J.F.; Koons, H.C.; Blake, J.B.; The Aerospace Corporation, United States of America
- The ISO Detectors and the Space Radiation Environment
Heras, A.M.*; Burgdorf, M.*; Castaneda, H.*; Claret, A.**; Dzitko, H.**; Ewart, D.*; Gabriel, C.G.*;
* ISO ESA, Villafranca Spain;** CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/SAP, France;
- The MicroSatellite DEMETER
Parrot, M.; LPCE/CNRS, France
- Long-Term Data and Simulations on ISOCAM Long-Wave Detector Glitches
Nieminen, P.; ESA ESTEC
Posters Session 2: Physical Processes/Presentation of Data
-
SOHO LASCO and EIT -- A Space Weather Forecasting Observatory
St. Cyr, O.C.; Howard, R.; Schwenn, R.; Brueckner, G.; Gurman, J;
Thompson, B.J.; Michels, D.J.; Plunkett, S.P.; Paswaters, S.E.; and the
LASCO and EIT teams; CPI/NRL, NASA GSFC, United States of America
- On the Propagation of Halo CMEs Towards Earth
Schwenn, R.; Srivastava, N.; Podlipnik, B.; Inhester, B.; Stenborg, G.; Max-Planck-Institut f. Aeronomie, Germany
- Radial Evolution of a Coronal Mass Ejection
Manoharan, P.K.; Radio Astronomy Centre (TIFR), India
- A Study of Geoeffective CME's Observed by LASCO on SOHO and Their Solar Origins
Srivastava, N.; Schwenn, R.; Stenborg, G.; Inhester, B.; Podlipnik, B.; Max-Planck-Institut f. Aeronomie, Germany
- SuperDARN Radar Measurements of Ionospheric Convection in the High Latitude Ionosphere
Provan, G.; Yeoman, T.K.; Lester, M.; University of Leicester, Great Britain
- The Solar Surveillance Program at the Kanzelhoehe Solar
Observatory: New Facilities for High Speed Digital Imaging and Dynamic
Event Tracking
Messerotti, M.**; Otruba, W.***; Warmuth, A.*; Cacciani, A.****; Moretti, Pietro****; Hanslmeier, A.*; Steinegger, M.*;
* Karl-Franzens Universitat Graz, Austria;**Astronomical Observatory, Italy;
*** Sonnenobservatorium Kanzelhoehe, Austria;****University "La Sapienza", Italy
- Indexes of Cosmic Ray Disturbance as a Reflection of the Situation in the Interplanetary Medium
Belov, A.V.*; Eroshenko, E.**; Klepach, E.*; Yanke, V.G.*;
* IZMIRAN Russian Academy of Science, Russia;
** Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Russia
- Determination of the Solar UV Flux from SOHO and EISCAT Measurements
Lilensten, J.*; Aboudarham, J.**;
* LIS-ENSIEG, France;** IAS, France
- Observation of Radiation-Belts and Cosmic Rays with REM
Daly, E.J.*; Buehler, P.**; Zehnder, A.** ; Desorgher, L.**;
* ESA ESTEC, The Netherlands;
** Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland
- Evolution of the Filament/CH/Magnetic Field Complex
Ioshpa, B.; Mogilevsky, E.I.; Obridko, V.; IZMIRAN Russian Academy of Science, Russia
- Cosmic Ray Event associated with the January 10, 1997 Magnetic Storm
Storini, M.; Masseti, S.; Moreno, G.; Cordaro, E.G.; IFSI/CNR, Italy
- Solar Energetic Particle Events: A Tool to Model Particle Fluxes
Lario, D.*; Sanahuja, B.**; Heras, A.M.*;
*ESA ESTEC, The Netherlands; ** Univ. Barcelona, Spain
- Solar Radia Imaging and Space Weather
Delouis, J.M.; Maia, D.; Kerdraon, A.; DASOP, France
- Monitoring of a shock wave propagation from the solar atmosphere to the Earth
Mann, G.*; Aurass, H.*; Jansen, F.*; Thomson, B.**; Kaiser, M.**; Grafe, A.***;
*Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, Germany; **NASA, USA; ***Observatory for Geomagnetism, Germany
Posters Session 3: Models and Data
-
Preliminary Algorithm for Solar Proton Event Parameters Prediction
Diaz, A.; Del Pozo, E.; Valiente, J.F.; Institute of Geophysics and Astronomy, Cuba
- Forecasting the Earth's Radiation Belt's of Energetic Electron Fluxes and Spectra
Mineev, Yu.V.; Moscow State University, Russia
- Solar Particle Event--Real Time (SPERT): a Real-Time Solar Particle Event Exposure Analysis System
Golightly, M.*; Weyland, M.D.**; Lin, T.**;
*NASA Johnson Space Centre, United States of America;
** Lockheed Martin, United States of America
- A New Method for On-Board Measurement of Hot Magnetospheric Plasma at Geostationary Orbit
Danilov, V.V.; Dvoryashin, V.; Elgin, B.; Laptev, S.; Krasnoyarsk State University, Russia
- Efficiency of Short-Term Prediction for the Main Solar Flares on the Basis of Long-Period of Microwave Radio Emission
Fridman, V.; Sheiner, O.; Radiophysical Research Institute, Russia
- The Approach of Fuzzy Neural Networks For Geomagnetic Storm Predictions
Andrejkova, G.*; Toth, H.*; Kudela, K.**;
* P.J. Safarik University, Slovakia;
** Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy, Slovakia
- Predictive Modelling of Outer Belt Electron Fluence
Smith, R.J.K.; Rodgers, D.J.; Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA), Great Britain
- The Geomagnetic Indices: Derivation, Availability, Meaning, and Uses in Space Weather Studies
Menvielle, M.; ISGI, University of Paris, France
- The Role of Radio Tomography in Monitoring the Near-Earth Space Environment
Mitchell, C.*; Kersley, L.*; Pryse, S.E.*; Walker, I.K.*; Cannon, P.**;
*University of Wales, Great Britain;** DERA, Great Britain
- Forecasting of Radiation Conditions in the Earth's Magnetosphere and in The Interplanetary Space
Pissarenko, N.F.; Moszhukhina, A.R.; Morozova, E.I.; Space Research Institute, Russia
- Artificial Neural Network Applying for the Space Radiation Environment Modelling and Forecasting
Dmitriev, V; Orlov, Y.; Persiantsev, I.G.; Suvorova, I.G.; Veselovsky, I.; Moscow State University, Russia
- Near Real Time Forecasting of Dynamics of Large Scale Magnetic Field Configurations from Magnetograph Data
Ponyavin, D.I.; University of St. Petersburg, Russia
- Real Time Space Weather Forecasting Based on Feature-Based Pattern Recognition
Cargill, P.J.*; Chen, J.**; Palmadesso, P.J.**; Slinker, S.P.**;
* The Blackett Laboratory, Great Britain;
** U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, United States of America
- Dynamic Modeling of the High Energy Proton Belt
Boscher, D.*; Vacaresse, A.*; Bourdarie, S.*; Blanc, M.*; Sauvaud, J-A.**;
* ONERA - DESP, France;** CESR/CNRS, France
- Physical Modeling of the Outer Belt High Energy Electrons: the Dynamics of the Recyclying Process
Boscher, D.; Bourdarie, S.; Thorne, R.; Abel, B.; ONERA - DESP, France
- Radiation Dosimetry Measurements in HEO Orbit
Blake, B.; Mazur, E.; The Aerospace Corporation, United States of America
- Novel Non-Linear Techniques for Temporal Predictions in
Geophysical Time Series That Contain A Significant Number of Data Drop
Outs
Francis, N.M.*; Brown, A.*; Cannon, P.*; Broomhead, D.**;
* DERA, Great Britain;** UMIST, Great Britain
- Space Weather-Related Magnetospheric Modeling at FMI/GEO
Janhunen, P.; Toivanen, P.K.; Pulkkinen, T.I.; Koskinen, H.E.J.; Finnish Meteorological Inst., Finland
- Prediction of Times with Increased Risk of Internal charging on Spacecraft
Andersson, L.; Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Sweden
- Plasma Flow Velocities Over Northern Scandinavia
Nielsen, E.; Max Planck Institute for Aeronomie, Germany
- Consideration of Solar Activity in Models of the Current and Future Particulate Environment of the Earth
Sdunnus, H.*; Bendisch, S.****; Klinkrad, H.***; Walker, R.**; Stokes, H.**;
* Eta_Max Space, Germany;
** DERA, Great Britain;*** ESA/ESOC, Germany;**** Institute for Flight Mechanics and Spaceflight T., Germany
- Neural Network in Ionospheric Weather Research
Cander, L.R.; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Great Britain
- Analysis and Real-Time Prediction of Environmentally Induced Spacecraft Anomalies
Wu, J.G.*; Lundstedt, H.**; Eliason, L.***; Hilgers, A.****;
*DMI, Denmark; **Swedish Inst. Of Space Physics, Lund Sweden; ***Swedish Inst. Of Space Physics, Kiruna Sweden; ****ESTEC-ESA
- Predicting Maximum Amplitude of Solar Cycles Using Geomagnetic Precursors
Lantos, P.; Richard, O.; Observatoire de Meudon, France
- 4D Imaging of the Ionosphere using GPS Data and an Application to Ionoshperic Calibration of Radar Altimeters
Ruffini, G.; Flores, A.; Cardellach, E.; Cucurull, L.; Rius, A.; Institut dÉstudis Espacials de Catalunya, Spain
Posters Session 4: World-Wide Space Weather Initiatives
-
Space Weather Services in Australia
Thompson, R.; Cole, D.; Patterson, G.; Wilkinson, P.; IPS Radio and Space Services, Australia
- Lund Space Weather Program
Lundstedt, H.*; Wintoft, P.*; Wu, J-G.**; Gleisner, H.*; Dovheden, V.*;
* Lund Observatory, Sweden;
** Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark
- Monitoring of the Cosmic Ray in Real Time and Information System of the Moscow Station
Belov, A.V.*; Belov, M.A.*; Gushchina, R.T.* ;Eroshenko, E.**; Kartyshev, V.G.*; Struminsky, A.B.*; Yanke, V.G.*;
* IZMIRAN Russian Academy of Science, Russia;** Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Russia
- Multi-Point Magnetospheric Satellite Network for Space Weather Applications
Cargill, P.J.*; Balogh, A.**; Schwartz, S.J.****; Fazakerley, A.N.***; Johnstone, A.D.***;
* The Blackett Laboratory, Great Britain;** Imperial College of Science, Techn.& Medicine, Great Britain;
*** Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Great Britain;**** Queen Mary and Westfield College, Great Britain
- Hugin and Munin: Autonomous, Low Cost, Space Weather Nanosatellites
Norberg, O.*; Barabash, S.*; Andersson, L.*; Eklund, U.*; Winningham, J.D.***; Lindblad, T.**;
* Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Sweden;** Royal Institute of
Technology, Sweden;*** Southwest Research Institute, United States of
America
- Solar and Geomagnetic Activity During Solar Cycle 23
Thomson, A.W.P.*; Thompson, R.**; Joselyn, J.***;
* British Geological Survey, Great Britain;
** IPS Radio and Space Services, Australia;*** Space Environment Center, United States of America
- Interplanetary Scintillation and Space Weather Monitoring
Hapgood, M.; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Great Britain
- Space Weather Research at the Ondrejov Observatory
Karlicky, M.; Vandas, M.; Odstrcil, D.; Jiricka, K.; Knizek, M.; Meszarosova, H.; Vanek, T.; Zloch, F.;
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
- Three Instruments for Monitoring the Space Radiation Evironment
Mohammadzadeh, A.; Nickson, R.; Harboe Sorensen, R.S.; ESA ESTEC, The Netherlands
- Coordinated Src and Ral Centers for Ionospheric Weather Specification and Forecasting
Stanislawska, I.*; Cander, L.R.**;
*Space Research Center PAS, Poland; **CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Great Britain
- Activities of the ISES Meudon Warning Center
Lantos, P.; Gapihan, J.; Landrot, Y.; Observatoire de Meudon, France
- ESA Space Weather Initiatives in the Space Environments and Effects Analysis Section (TOS-EMA)
Crosby, N.; Hilgers, A; Daly, E.; ESA ESTEC
- Space Weather Activities at Danish Meteorological Institute
Wu, J.-G.; Neubert, T.; Stauning, P.; Thejll, P.; Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark
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